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BLOOD BIOMARKER
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Standard Range |
Notes |
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Calcium |
8.8 - 10.5 mg/dL |
Blood Calcium Test: About This Test |
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A test for calcium in the blood checks
the level of calcium in your body that
is not stored in your bones. Almost all
of the calcium in the body is stored in
bone. The rest is found in the blood.
The body needs calcium to build and fix
bones and teeth, to help nerves work, to
make muscles squeeze together, to help
blood... |
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ALKALINE
PHOSPHATASE |
37 - 117 U/L |
Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP): About This
Test |
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An alkaline phosphatase (ALP) test
measures the amount of the enzyme ALP in
your blood. ALP is made mostly in the
liver and in bone, with some made in the
intestines and kidneys. |
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AST |
10 - 40 U/L |
Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST) Test |
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An aspartate aminotransferase (AST) test
measures the amount of this enzyme in
the blood. AST is normally found in red
blood cells, liver, heart, muscle
tissue, pancreas, and kidneys. AST
formerly was called serum glutamic
oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT). Low
levels of AST are normally found in the
blood. When body... |
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ALT |
0 - 47 U/L |
Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) Test |
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An alanine aminotransferase (ALT) test
measures the amount of this enzyme in
the blood. ALT is found mainly in the
liver, but also in smaller amounts in
the kidneys, heart, muscles, and
pancreas. ALT was formerly called serum
glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT).
ALT is measured to see if the liver is
damaged or... |
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TSH |
0.4 - 4.5 uIU/mL |
Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH) Test:
About This Test |
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A thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) test
is one of several blood tests used to
check for thyroid gland problems. TSH
causes the thyroid gland to make other
important hormones that help control
your body's metabolism. |
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Bilirubin,
total |
0.2 - 1.2 mg/dL |
Bilirubin: About This Test |
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A bilirubin test measures the amount of
bilirubin in your blood. Bilirubin is a
substance produced when the liver breaks
down old red blood cells. When bilirubin
levels are high, the skin and whites of
the eyes may look yellow (jaundice).
This may be caused by liver disease.
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Hgb A1c % |
<=5.6 % |
Hemoglobin A1c: About This Test |
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An A1c test is a blood test that checks
your average blood sugar level over the
past 2 to 3 months. This test also is
called a glycohemoglobin test or a
hemoglobin A1c test. |
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ESTIMATED
AVERAGE GLUCOSE |
85 - 126 mg/dL |
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WBC COUNT |
3.7 - 11.1 K/uL |
Complete Blood Count (CBC) |
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A complete blood count (CBC) gives
important information about the kinds
and numbers of cells in the blood,
especially red blood cells, white blood
cells, and platelets. A CBC helps your
doctor check any symptoms that you may
have, such as weakness, fatigue, or
bruising. A CBC also helps him or her
diagnose conditions... |
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Red blood cells
count |
4.10 - 5.70 M/uL |
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Hgb |
13.0 - 17.0 g/dL |
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Hematocrit |
39.0 - 51.0 % |
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MCV |
80 - 100 fL |
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RDW, RBC |
12.0 - 16.5 % |
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Platelets count |
140 - 400 K/uL |
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RBC's,
nucleated |
<=0 /100WC |
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Cholesterol |
<=239 mg/dL |
Cholesterol and Triglycerides Tests:
About These Tests |
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Cholesterol and triglycerides tests
measure the amount of fats in your
blood. These fats have both "good" (HDL)
and "bad" (LDL) cholesterol. |
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TRIGLYCERIDE,
NONFASTING |
<=879 mg/dL |
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HDL |
>=40 mg/dL |
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LDL CALCULATED,
NONFASTING |
<=159 mg/dL |
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Sodium |
135 - 145 mEq/L |
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An electrolyte panel is a blood test
that measures the levels of electrolytes
and carbon dioxide in your blood.
Electrolytes are minerals, such as
sodium and potassium, that are found in
the body. They keep your body's fluids
in balance and help keep your body
working normally, including your heart
rhythm, muscle...
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Potassium |
3.5 - 5.3 mEq/L |
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Chloride |
100 - 111 mEq/L |
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CO2 |
24 - 33 mEq/L |
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Creatinine |
<=1.34 mg/dL |
Creatinine and Creatinine Clearance
Tests: About These Tests |
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Creatinine tests measure the level of
the waste product creatinine (say
"kree-AT-uh-neen") in your blood and
urine. These tests show how well your
kidneys are working. When the kidneys
are not working well, they can't filter
creatinine from the blood. So the level
of creatinine in the blood goes up. The
creatinine... |
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Estimated
Glomerular Filtration Rate |
>=60 mL/min/1.73 m2 |
Estimated GFR (eGFR) helps us know how
the kidneys are working. eGFR is based |
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on the creatinine blood test result,
age, sex, and body size. Monitoring eGFR |
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over time helps us understand changes in
kidney function. |
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Actual kidney function may be better or
worse than the estimated GFR because |
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blood creatinine levels are affected by
body make up, diet, hydration, |
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genetics, and more. |
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Multiple eGFR values are used to
determine chronic kidney disease (CKD) |
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stages, defined by the following ranges: |
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eGFR 45 - 59 = Stage 3a |
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eGFR 30 - 44 = Stage 3b |
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eGFR 15 - 29 = Stage 4 |
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eGFR under 15 = Stage 5 |
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MAGNESIUM |
1.7 - 2.3 mg/dL |
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A magnesium test checks the level of
magnesium in the blood. Magnesium is an
important electrolyte needed for proper
muscle, nerve, and enzyme function. It
also helps the body use energy and is
needed to move other electrolytes
(potassium and sodium) into and out of
cells. Most of the magnesium in the body
is found in... |
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PSA, SCREENING |
0.0 - 3.5 ng/mL |
Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) Test:
About This Test |
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A prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test
measures the amount of PSA in your
blood. PSA is released into the blood by
the prostate, which is part of the male
reproductive system. A high PSA level
may mean that you have an enlargement,
infection, or cancer of the prostate.
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Uric acid |
2.0 - 8.5 mg/dL |
Uric Acid in Blood Test |
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The blood uric acid test measures the
amount of uric acid in a blood sample.
Uric acid is produced from the natural
breakdown of your body's cells and from
the foods you eat. Most of the uric acid
is filtered out by the kidneys and
passes out of the body in urine. A small
amount passes out of the body in stool.
But if... |
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ESR, UNDILUTED,
AUTOMATED |
0 - 20 mm/hr |
Sedimentation Rate (Sed Rate) |
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The sedimentation rate (sed rate) blood
test measures how quickly red blood
cells (erythrocytes) settle in a test
tube in one hour. The more red cells
that fall to the bottom of the test tube
in one hour, the higher the sed rate.
When inflammation is present in the
body, certain proteins cause red blood
cells to stick... |
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C-reactive
protein,ser,ql |
<=0.9 mg/dL |
C-Reactive Protein (CRP) Test: About
This Test |
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This blood test measures the amount of
C-reactive protein in your blood.
C-reactive protein levels rise when
there is inflammation in your body. Very
high levels of CRP are caused by
infections and many serious diseases.
But other tests are needed to find the
actual cause and location of the
inflammation. |
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BMI |
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Body Mass Index (BMI)opens in a new
window |
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Your body mass index (BMI) and waist
size affect your risk of type 2
diabetes, high blood pressure, high
cholesterol, and coronary artery
disease. The following table shows the
risk. Body mass index (BMI) and the risk
for diseases Classification BMI Waist
size and relative risk Men: less than 40
in. (102 cm) Women: less... |
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Fasting plasma glucose |
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Blood Glucose: About This Testopens in a
new window |
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A blood glucose test measures the amount
of a type of sugar, called glucose, in
your blood. A few different types of
blood glucose tests are used. Fasting
blood sugar (FBS) measures blood glucose
after you have not eaten for at least 8
hours. It is often the first test done
to check for prediabetes and diabetes.
Random... |
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Body Fat |
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Body Fat Testingopens in a new window |
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Body fat testing checks how much body
fat you have. It may be done to find out
if you have too much or too little body
fat. The test is one of the ways to
measure healthy weight. People who are
trying to become more fit and lose
weight sometimes use the test to check
for changes in their body fat levels.
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Cholesterol (total) |
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Cholesterol and Triglycerides Testsopens
in a new window |
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Covers cholesterol and triglyceride
blood tests to measure fatty substances
in the blood. Explains why tests are
done and how to prepare. Includes
possible results and what they may mean.
Looks at what may affect test results.
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DHEA |
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DHEA-S Testopens in a new window |
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DHEA-S (dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate)
is a male hormone (androgen) that is
made in the adrenal glands. The body
turns it into testosterone. A test for
DHEA-S checks the level of this hormone
in the blood. Testosterone affects
sexual features and development. In men,
it is made in large amounts by the
testicles. In... |
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Free Testosterone Index |
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Testosterone |
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Make sure you know about each of the
medicines you take. This includes why
you take it, how to take it, what you
can expect while you're taking it, and
any warnings about the medicine. The
information provided here is general. So
be sure to read the information that
came with your medicine. If you have any
questions or... |
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GGT |
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GGT (Gamma-Glutamyl Transferase): About
This Testopens in a new window |
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A GGT (gamma-glutamyl transferase) is a
test to look for GGT in your blood. GGT
is a protein (enzyme) that speeds up
chemical reactions in the body. It is
found mainly in the liver and the bile
ducts. Gamma-glutamyl transferase is
also called gamma-glutamyl
transpeptidase. |
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Glutathione |
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Glutathione is a substance made from the
amino acids glycine, cysteine, and
glutamic acid. It is produced by the
liver and involved in many body
processes. Glutathione is involved in
tissue building and repair, making
chemicals and proteins needed in the |
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EKG |
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Electrocardiogram (EKG): About This Test |
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An electrocardiogram (EKG or ECG) is a
test that checks for problems with the
electrical activity of your heart. An
EKG translates the heart's electrical
activity into line tracings on paper.
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Grip Strength Dominant |
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The 10% rule states that the dominant
hand possesses a 10% greater grip
strength than the nondominant hand. This
rule has been used for many years to
assist therapists in setting strength
goals for patients with injured hands. |
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Grip Strength Non-dominant |
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hsCRP |
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High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein:
About This Testopens in a new window |
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A high-sensitivity C-reactive protein
(hs-CRP) test measures the amount of CRP
(C-reactive protein) in your blood. This
test can help find out your risk of a
heart attack and stroke. Your doctor
will consider this test result along
with other risk factors such as
cholesterol, age, blood pressure, and
smoking. |
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IGF-1 |
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This test measures the amount of
IGF-1 (insulin-like growth factor 1) in
your blood. IGF-1 is a hormone that
manages the effects of growth hormone
(GH) in your body. Together, IGF-1 and
GH promote normal growth of bones and
tissues. GH levels in the blood
fluctuate throughout the day depending
on your diet and activity levels. But
IGF-1 levels remain stable. So, an IGF-1
test is a useful way to find out if your
body is making a normal amount of GH. |
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NAD |
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Oxidized nicotinamide adenine
dinucleotide (NAD+) is a biological
molecule of systemic importance.
Essential role of NAD+ in cellular
metabolism relies on the substrate
action in various redox reactions and
cellular signaling. |
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RDW |
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A red cell distribution width (RDW)
test measures the differences in the
volume and size of your red blood cells
(erythrocytes). Red blood cells carry
oxygen from your lungs to every cell in
your body. Your cells need oxygen to
grow, make new cells, and s |
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SHBG |
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hat is it used for? SHBG testing is most
often used to gather information about
how testosterone is working in the
body for: Adult males who have symptoms
that may be caused by too little
testosterone. Adult females who have
symptoms that may be caused by |
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Testosterone |
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Testosterone |
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A testosterone test checks the level of
this male hormone (androgen) in the
blood. Testosterone affects sexual
features and development. In men, it is
made in large amounts by the testicles.
In both men and women, testosterone is
made in small amounts by the adrenal
glands, and in women, by the ovaries.
The pituitary... |
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VO2 max treadmill |
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A VO2 max test is a maximal exercise
test performed on a treadmill or bike
while connected to a machine capable of
analyzing your expired air. Your test
provides data on how much oxygen you use
as you exercise and determines the
maximal oxygen you can con |
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20th percentile telomeres PBMC |
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PBMCs include
lymphocytes (T
cells, B cells, and
NK cells),
monocytes, and
dendritic cells. In
humans, the
frequencies of these
populations vary
across individuals,
but
typically, lymphocytes
are in the range of
70–90 %, monocytes
from 10 to 20 %,
while dendritic
cells are rare,
accounting for only
1–2 %.
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